![]() ![]() “Kitab kuning: Books in Arabic Script Used in the Pesantren Milieu.” Bijdragen to de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde. “A preliminary statement on the dialogue between the reform magazine al-Manar and the Malayo-Indonesian World.” Indonesia Circle. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.īluhm, Jutta E. Muhammadiyah: The Political Behavior of a Muslim Modernist Organization under Dutch Colonialism. London: Oxford University Press.Īl-Bantani, Muhammad Nawawi al-Jawi. Ithaca: Modern Indonesian Project Cornell University.Īdams, Charles. School and Politics: The Kaum Muda Movement in West Sumatra. Mediterranean to the China Sea: Miscellaneous Notes. “Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Al-Manar and Islamic Modernity.” In Claude Guillot, Denys Lombard, and Roderich Ptak (eds.). Siyār wa Tarājim ba‘ad ‘Ulamā’ ina fī al-Qarn al-Rab Ashar lī al-Hijra. At the same time, the early 20th century also witnessed the mounting request for fatwas to Rashīd Riḍā in al-Manār, which greatly contributed to the transmission of reform ideas from Cairo to the region. In fact, it was in the hands of Ahmad Khatib’s students that the Islamic reform reached wider audiences in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. ![]() As can be gleaned from Ahmad Khatib’s works and his intellectual orientation, as well as from the fatwas of Rashīd Riḍā in al-Manār, both scholars emphasized the primacy of pristine Islam (salāf), different from the thought of ‘Abduh. ![]() One crucial point to discuss in this article is that the two scholars shared similar religious thoughts, which hold a determining role in the development of Islamic reform, much more than the role of Muḥammad ‘Abduh, the first leader of the movement. Ahmad Khatib was an intellectual leader of mainly Malay-Indonesian section of Jawa (Southeast Asians Muslims) in Mecca when the Islamic reform began to be voiced by Cairo ‘ulama, Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Rashīd Riḍā. They were Ahmad Khatib in Mecca and Rashīd Riḍā in Cairo. The advent of Islamic reform in Indonesia at the turn of the 20th century is to be attributed to two scholars or called the second Muslim leaders. ![]()
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